The apperture is the hole in camera lens, wicth lets the light through. The bigger is the apperture stop, for example f32, the less light comes through it. The bigger it is - f1.8 - more light passes.
Shutter
A shutter is a device that allows light to pass for a determined period of time, for the purpose of exposing photographic film or a light-sensitive electronic sensor to light to capture a permanent image of a scene.
The slower shutter speed or exposure is - light comes through a lens for a longer time.
Histogram
An image histogram is a type of histogram that acts as a graphical representation of the tonal distribution in a digital image. It plots the number of pixels for each tonal value. By looking at the histogram for a specific image a viewer will be able to judge the entire tonal distribution at a glance
http://dmitriphotography.blogspot.co.uk/2012/10/histogram.html
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